Physiologically Active Substances

Research Focus Areas of the Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances

The research activities of the Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances are focused on investigating the neurophysiological, cellular, and biochemical responses of the organism. Studies are conducted on the biological, toxicological, and pharmacological properties, as well as the mechanisms of action, of natural bioactive substances, including venoms from snakes (Macrovipera lebetina obtusa, Montivipera raddei, Daboia russelii, Ophiophagus hannah, Naja naja oxiana, Naja naja pallida, Naja naja nigricincta), honey bees (Apis mellifera), and scorpions (Mesobuthus eupeus), as well as essential oils and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from medicinal plants (Origanum vulgare L., Thymus vulgaris L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Crataegus meieri et nigra, L., and others). The laboratory also conducts research aimed at the development of novel biologically active compounds and potential therapeutic agents based on venoms and naturally derived bioactive substances.

The main research directions of the laboratory include:

•        Toxicological studies – investigation of the acute toxicity of natural venoms and venoms with selectively inhibited components. Determination of the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) following intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration.

•        Electrophysiological studies – assessment of neuronal activity evoked by event-related potentials (ERP) and evaluation of the functional state of the nervous system.

•        Behavioral studies – investigation of pain and inflammatory mechanisms, as well as evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of natural bioactive substances.

•        Histochemical studies – examination of structural and functional alterations in the microvascular networks of the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys, as well as changes in neurons and microglial cells.

•        Physiological studies – recording and analysis of cardiovascular and other physiological parameters.

The obtained results provide a scientific basis for the development of novel pharmaceutical and biomedical solutions aimed at the prevention and management of pain, inflammation, intoxications, and pathological conditions of the nervous system.

The laboratory is equipped with modern research instrumentation, including the BIOPAC MP200 multifunctional physiological recording system, which enables the acquisition of event-related potentials (ERP), electrophysiological signals, and cardiovascular parameters. Additional equipment includes a plethysmometer for the assessment of inflammatory processes and edema, a hydrodistillation system for essential oil extraction, and a vacuum lyophilization unit for the processing and long-term preservation of biological and plant-derived samples.